關于電廠(chang)的實(shi)習報告(gao)范文

　　在我們平(ping)凡的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)里(li)，接觸并(bing)使用報(bao)告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，報(bao)告(gao)根據用途的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同也有著(zhu)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型。那么什么樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)告(gao)才(cai)是(shi)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)呢？以下是(shi)小編為大(da)家整(zheng)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)于電廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)實習報(bao)告(gao)范文，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

　　一、引言

　　1、實習目的(de)及意義(yi)

　　本(ben)次實(shi)(shi)(shi)習，是(shi)為我(wo)們更好(hao)的(de)(de)認識和(he)了解(jie)本(ben)專(zhuan)業即(ji)將進入(ru)的(de)(de)工(gong)作技術與環境，使我(wo)們在(zai)學校學習的(de)(de)課本(ben)理論知識與實(shi)(shi)(shi)際相結合并更加扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，對專(zhuan)業技能有所了解(jie)，培(pei)養(yang)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)職業道德(de)和(he)正確的(de)(de)就(jiu)業觀(guan)，目的(de)(de)是(shi)讓學生在(zai)短暫的(de)(de)生產(chan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)習期間(jian)，切實(shi)(shi)(shi)對熱電廠主要生產(chan)設備的(de)(de)基本(ben)結構、工(gong)作原理及性(xing)能等有一個系(xi)統、全面(mian)的(de)(de)了解(jie)，并為供必要的(de)(de)感性(xing)認識和(he)基礎知識。

　　生產實習是(shi)本專業(ye)學生一門主要實踐(jian)性課(ke)程，為(wei)我們將(jiang)(jiang)要進入工(gong)作崗位做好鋪墊(dian)的一個重(zhong)要環節。是(shi)理論聯系實際了解(jie)本專業(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)要從(cong)事工(gong)作的環境(jing)與(yu)技術(shu)，開拓學生的視野，培養學生動手實踐(jian)能力及(ji)興趣。通過生產實習，我們能更好的將(jiang)(jiang)在學校所(suo)學的理論知識和工(gong)作實際相結合。

　　2、實習安排

　　測控專業共三(san)個班，分為(wei)三(san)組(zu)(zu)，一組(zu)(zu)去寶鋼實習(xi)學生自愿報名(ming)30人由楊(yang)立清和(he)(he)lǐ gāng老師帶(dai)領(ling)，另(ling)外兩組(zu)(zu)在包鋼熱電廠實習(xi)，把(ba)二班分開一部(bu)分和(he)(he)一般稱為(wei)一組(zu)(zu)，另(ling)外的(de)和(he)(he)三(san)班一組(zu)(zu)，我是(shi)第一大組(zu)(zu)，我們(men)組(zu)(zu)的(de)實習(xi)安排如下: 6月27日上(shang)午(wu)參(can)加動員(yuan)大會

　　6月(yue)28日(ri)查(cha)閱資料6月(yue)29日(ri)二(er)實(shi)驗樓b110

　　6月30日(ri)上(shang)午(wu)(wu)二實驗(yan)樓(lou)a306下午(wu)(wu)查閱資(zi)料7月1日(ri)上(shang)午(wu)(wu)查閱資(zi)料下午(wu)(wu)二實驗(yan)樓(lou)b3107月4日(ri)7月8日(ri)參觀包鋼熱電(dian)廠

　　3、企業簡介包鋼(集(ji)團)公司熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)始建(jian)于(yu)1974年(nian)8月，1978年(nian)12月建(jian)成(cheng)投產，目前主要擔負著為包鋼各(ge)生(sheng)產廠(chang)(chang)礦提供冷(leng)風、蒸汽、電(dian)(dian)力(li)、采暖熱(re)(re)水、軟(ruan)水等動力(li)產品(pin)的任(ren)務，經過三十多年(nian)的發(fa)展、壯大，熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)已(yi)成(cheng)為包鋼最大的動力(li)產品(pin)生(sheng)產供應廠(chang)(chang)。

　　二、校內實習報告

　　1電線自動加塑生產線實驗基地

　　電(dian)線(xian)(xian)自(zi)動(dong)加塑(su)(su)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)實(shi)(shi)習平臺，是(shi)根(gen)據自(zi)動(dong)化及相關(guan)專業(ye)的實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教學特點，由我院自(zi)建的一條(tiao)模(mo)擬實(shi)(shi)際(ji)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)擠塑(su)(su)過(guo)程的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)型，是(shi)自(zi)動(dong)化專業(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)教學基(ji)地的主要(yao)環節(jie)之一，它(ta)將電(dian)工(gong)電(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)理論、運動(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術、計算機控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術等理論和(he)工(gong)程實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)結合起來，它(ta)既可以組(zu)成(cheng)一條(tiao)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)的生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)(xian)，又可分(fen)割成(cheng)獨(du)立的控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)環節(jie)滿足電(dian)氣類專業(ye)學生(sheng)(sheng)。

　　1、1電線(xian)自動加塑(su)生產線(xian)生產工藝

　　生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)為:當機頭擠(ji)出塑料溫度、光澤、速度合適時，啟動生(sheng)產(chan)線，裸銅線經過擠(ji)塑機機頭后被(bei)塑封上的(de)均勻的(de)塑料，測(ce)徑后經水槽冷卻(que)至4060°;c，通過風機吹干(gan)去掉電(dian)(dian)線上的(de)水珠后印(yin)字，形成成品電(dian)(dian)線。其生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)可以分(fen)為:旋線、擠(ji)塑、冷卻(que)、測(ce)徑、耐壓測(ce)試、打字、牽引和收(shou)線等主要環節。

　　1、2主要的自(zi)動控制系統

　　單回路控(kong)制系統、串級(ji)控(kong)制系統。

　　2、自動裝配生(sheng)產線實習(xi)

　　費(fei)斯托工業(ye)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)教(jiao)學(xue)培訓(xun)系(xi)統(tong)是一(yi)套包含(han)工業(ye)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)中不同程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)培訓(xun)，具有綜合性、模塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)及易擴(kuo)充等特點，在現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工業(ye)生產(chan)中，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術起著非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。從基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、電氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、液壓、電液壓、傳感(gan)器技術到(dao)可編程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器和總線(xian)系(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)們都被(bei)廣泛應用。本模塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)培訓(xun)系(xi)統(tong)主要(yao)以氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)元件為(wei)主，附加電動(dong)(dong)(dong)元件，由八個(ge)站組成(cheng)，每個(ge)站用一(yi)個(ge)單獨的(de)(de)(de)(de)plc進行控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，plc采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是西門(men)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)s7-300系(xi)列，兩站通過(guo)光電傳感(gan)器來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)，它(ta)們相(xiang)互(hu)協調(diao)，相(xiang)互(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)約來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)整個(ge)組裝任務(wu)。

　　2、1自動裝配生產線生產工藝

　　自動裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配生(sheng)產(chan)線由8個(ge)站(zhan)組(zu)成(cheng)，供料(liao)站(zhan)負(fu)責(ze)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，然后通過光電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)連接(jie)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站(zhan)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站(zhan)根據(ju)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性，區分(fen)(fen)光電式、電容式傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)站(zhan)連接(jie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)站(zhan)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在旋轉平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)上(shang)被(bei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)及加(jia)，完成(cheng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)通過電氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)支傳(chuan)送(song)至下提(ti)(ti)取站(zhan)。提(ti)(ti)取站(zhan)負(fu)責(ze)操作手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柔性2自由度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，漫反(fan)射式光電傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器對放在支架上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進行檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，提(ti)(ti)取裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)抓手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)從該(gai)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)(ti)起并(bing)分(fen)(fen)類將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)按(an)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)結果(guo)放置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)槽中。再光電檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)至緩(huan)沖(chong)站(zhan)，存(cun)放、分(fen)(fen)離五(wu)個(ge)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)送(song)帶至起始位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漫射傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)被(bei)送(song)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，分(fen)(fen)離器底部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光柵進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控制(zhi)機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，通過滑(hua)槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)送(song)到組(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，氣(qi)抓手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器根按(an)顏色(se)區分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，組(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器監測(ce)(ce)(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方位(wei)(wei)，從組(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)開(kai)始機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)將對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)進行分(fen)(fen)類，并(bing)相(xiang)應放入不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)料(liao)倉或直接(jie)放入成(cheng)品分(fen)(fen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)站(zhan)，成(cheng)品分(fen)(fen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)被(bei)分(fen)(fen)別放入三個(ge)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)槽中進行成(cheng)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，從而(er)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配。

　　2、2自動(dong)控制系統

　　工作站分別組成自己的(de)控制系(xi)統。

　　3三(san)容水(shui)箱(xiang)控制基地

　　三(san)容水箱基于(yu)pid控制(zhi)的(de)原理設(she)計的(de)，根(gen)據(ju)被控對象(xiang)比如液位、壓力(li)、流量的(de)特(te)性和(he)控制(zhi)要求，從而選配合適的(de)過(guo)程檢測和(he)控制(zhi)儀表(biao)，通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)節(jie)而完成單閉環控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)或者(zhe)串級控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)。

　　3、1主要的自動控(kong)制系統(tong)單(dan)回路控(kong)制系統(tong)、串(chuan)級控(kong)制系統(tong)

　　三、現場實習報告

　　1、包(bao)鋼熱電(dian)廠概況

　　xxx熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)建成(cheng)于(yu)1978年(nian)12月(yue)，目前主(zhu)要擔負著(zhu)為包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼各生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)礦提供冷(leng)(leng)風(feng)(feng)、蒸汽、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)、采暖熱(re)水(shui)、軟水(shui)等(deng)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)產(chan)品的任(ren)務，已(yi)成(cheng)為包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼最(zui)大的動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)供應(ying)廠(chang)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)下設四(si)部一室(shi)一會(hui)即黨(dang)工(gong)(gong)部、生(sheng)產(chan)部、機(ji)動(dong)(dong)部、燃料部、辦公室(shi)、工(gong)(gong)會(hui)和鼓風(feng)(feng)車(che)間(jian)、鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)車(che)間(jian)、汽機(ji)車(che)間(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣車(che)間(jian)、管網(wang)車(che)間(jian)、檢修車(che)間(jian)、熱(re)力(li)(li)車(che)間(jian)七個車(che)間(jian)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)設備有(you)10臺鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)、9臺汽輪發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、8臺高爐(lu)(lu)鼓風(feng)(feng)機(ji)，包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)主(zhu)要動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)產(chan)品有(you):高爐(lu)(lu)冷(leng)(leng)風(feng)(feng)、蒸汽、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)、軟水(shui)(除鹽水(shui))、采暖熱(re)水(shui)等(deng)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的生(sheng)產(chan)在包(bao)(bao)(bao)鋼集團公司整體(ti)生(sheng)產(chan)中占(zhan)有(you)舉足輕重的作(zuo)用。

　　2、生產(chan)工(gong)藝2、1鍋爐工(gong)序(xu)

　　主要是鍋爐產(chan)生蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)送(song)到汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)，汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)發電機(ji)(ji)發電，抽氣機(ji)(ji)是在汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)中間(jian)抽取蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)尾部(bu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)進入冷凝器，通過汽(qi)(qi)水換熱(re)(re)供熱(re)(re)，抽背汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)是在中間(jian)抽氣一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)和尾部(bu)排氣一(yi)起(qi)供熱(re)(re)，還(huan)有就是純背壓機(ji)(ji)，尾部(bu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)供熱(re)(re)。

　　2、2汽機工序

　　主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)、發(fa)電、供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)三項任務(wu)。供(gong)(gong)熱(re)的原理是(shi)將鍋爐(lu)產汽(qi)(qi)(qi)按用戶需(xu)要(yao)，通過(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機抽汽(qi)(qi)(qi)、背壓排汽(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)減(jian)溫減(jian)壓器等設備(bei)向用戶提供(gong)(gong)所需(xu)參數的蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi);發(fa)電的原理是(shi)利用鍋爐(lu)產汽(qi)(qi)(qi)，通過(guo)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機將熱(re)能轉換(huan)(huan)成機械(xie)能，帶動(dong)發(fa)電機(將機械(xie)能轉換(huan)(huan)成電能)發(fa)電;供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的原理是(shi)通過(guo)機組低真(zhen)空運行，用凝結器代替加熱(re)器，利用機組排汽(qi)(qi)(qi)余熱(re)作為熱(re)源(yuan)將供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)循環(huan)水加熱(re)。

　　2、3ccpp燃氣蒸汽(qi)聯合循環發電系統

　　燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji):從工作原理上(shang)看，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無疑是(shi)(shi)最適(shi)合(he)焦化煤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝技(ji)術之一(yi)(yi)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)從飛機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術演變而來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)通(tong)過(guo)壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)渦輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)將空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮，高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)室(shi)與燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)混合(he)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)，是(shi)(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)急(ji)遽膨(peng)脹做(zuo)功(gong)，推動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)渦輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)做(zuo)功(gong)驅動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，因為是(shi)(shi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)持續做(zuo)功(gong)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)熱(re)值比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)含(han)氫低熱(re)值和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)含(han)雜質較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劣(lie)質燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)，一(yi)(yi)些燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)甚至(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)原油(you)和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)硫渣油(you)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)不(bu)算很高(gao)(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)般在30%35%之間(jian)，但是(shi)(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)熱(re)煙氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫度高(gao)(gao)(gao)達450550℃，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)余熱(re)鍋爐再次(ci)回收熱(re)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)，驅動(dong)(dong)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)再發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)，形成(cheng)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聯合(he)循環發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到45%50%，一(yi)(yi)些大型機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)甚至(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)超過(guo)55%。采用(yong)(yong)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)相對比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，首先是(shi)(shi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)和(he)可(ke)靠性(xing)都比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)包鋼(gang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)廠主(zhu)要有兩個(ge)重要設備(bei)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，具有一(yi)(yi)定壓(ya)力(li)(li)和(he)溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)通(tong)入(ru)噴嘴后，流(liu)(liu)速(su)增加，其熱(re)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)。從噴嘴流(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)流(liu)(liu)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)，進入(ru)葉片流(liu)(liu)道(dao)，給葉片以(yi)(yi)沖動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，產(chan)生(sheng)了使葉輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩，帶動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)軸旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，輸出(chu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)功(gong)，動(dong)(dong)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)同軸，當汽(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)同時在定子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，做(zuo)切割磁力(li)(li)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)，從而產(chan)生(sheng)感應電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)接線端子(zi)(zi)引(yin)出(chu)，接在回路中(zhong)，便產(chan)生(sheng)了電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

　　3主要的(de)自動控制系(xi)統(tong)

　　3、1鍋爐控(kong)制系統

　　鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括對(dui)過(guo)路的汽包(bao)水位(wei)、燃燒系統(tong)、母管壓力等回路的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，同時具有聯鎖保(bao)護功能。過(guo)去的鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)電動型組(zu)(zu)合儀(yi)表(biao)，組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)一個先進(jin)(jin)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回路需要(yao)(yao)多臺(tai)儀(yi)表(biao)組(zu)(zu)合而(er)成(cheng)，在使(shi)用(yong)了可(ke)編程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器或集散控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)后，只需要(yao)(yao)用(yong)其(qi)內部(bu)功能塊，便(bian)可(ke)很方便(bian)地組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)各種復雜算法和先進(jin)(jin)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。從鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)生產系統(tong)的結構來看，燃料量(liang)與(yu)風(feng)量(liang)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)的基(ji)本原則(ze)是(shi)根據鍋(guo)爐(lu)(lu)負荷(he)變化增減燃料。同時通過(guo)送風(feng)機、引風(feng)機的調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)維持合理的空燃比。

　　汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)控制是鍋爐控制系統一(yi)個(ge)重要環(huan)節，維(wei)持水(shui)(shui)位(wei)在一(yi)定范圍內(nei)是保障鍋爐安(an)(an)全運(yun)行的首要條件(jian):水(shui)(shui)位(wei)過高，會(hui)影響汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)內(nei)汽(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)離。飽和水(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)含(han)水(shui)(shui)過多，會(hui)使過熱(re)器管壁結垢影響換熱(re)效果，嚴重時(shi)可導(dao)致過熱(re)器損(sun)壞。同時(shi)過熱(re)器蒸氣(qi)溫度急劇下降，會(hui)損(sun)壞氣(qi)輪機葉(xie)片，影響運(yun)行的安(an)(an)全性(xing)與經濟性(xing);水(shui)(shui)位(wei)過低，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)內(nei)的水(shui)(shui)量過少，而負荷很大時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)的氣(qi)化速度加快，因而汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)內(nei)的水(shui)(shui)量變化速度很快，如不及(ji)時(shi)調節，就會(hui)使汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)內(nei)的水(shui)(shui)全部氣(qi)化，導(dao)致水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)壁燒(shao)壞，引起爆(bao)炸。

　　3、2報警及保護控制系(xi)統

　　報(bao)(bao)警系(xi)統對(dui)重要參數(shu)進行(xing)超限報(bao)(bao)警，鍋爐報(bao)(bao)警參數(shu)有(you):汽包(bao)水位(wei)、汽包(bao)壓(ya)力、爐膛負壓(ya)、排(pai)煙溫度等。

　　保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)是在被控參(can)數(shu)(shu)超(chao)高低限時，使自動(dong)控制系統(tong)(tong)(tong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)鍋爐設備的安全。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)功(gong)能由子算計系統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)共同(tong)實現(xian)，當參(can)數(shu)(shu)超(chao)高低限時，計算機系統(tong)(tong)(tong)顯(xian)示引起保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)作的參(can)數(shu)(shu)，產生保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)切換指令和(he)聲響指令，同(tong)時，相(xiang)應的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)動(dong)作。

　　四、實習總結

　　經過(guo)這兩個(ge)星期的實(shi)習，雖然(ran)對整(zheng)個(ge)工廠(chang)的生產工藝(yi)以(yi)及(ji)過(guo)程控(kong)制不能做(zuo)一(yi)個(ge)十分詳細(xi)的了解，但第一(yi)次親身(shen)感(gan)受(shou)到了所學(xue)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)與實(shi)際(ji)的應用(yong)，看見所學(xue)的傳(chuan)感(gan)器一(yi)些(xie)設備原理(li)用(yong)在工廠(chang)現場，進一(yi)步鞏固和深化所學(xue)的理(li)論(lun)知(zhi)識(shi)(shi)，增加了自己動手實(shi)踐能力，為(wei)后續(xu)專業課學(xue)習和畢(bi)業設計打好(hao)基礎。

　　通過實習，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)發現自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識很是匱乏，每當看見工(gong)人師傅(fu)熟練地(di)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們講(jiang)解鍋(guo)爐、汽輪機、發電機或者(zhe)一(yi)些(xie)生產工(gong)藝過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理時(shi)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)在(zai)敬佩他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淵博的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)，其實這些(xie)理論知識在(zai)課(ke)堂上(shang)(shang)(shang)都有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)卻知道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚少。工(gong)人師傅(fu)們經常(chang)向我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們提(ti)問一(yi)些(xie)知識，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)能(neng)(neng)回答上(shang)(shang)(shang)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真是寥寥無(wu)幾，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)從中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)到了很多(duo)在(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識，同時(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)也深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解了老(lao)師們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)誨(hui)，真是應該活(huo)到老(lao)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)到老(lao)，應盡快丟掉對學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)賴心理，學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會在(zai)社會上(shang)(shang)(shang)獨立，敢于參加與社會競爭，敢于承受社會壓(ya)力(li)，使自(zi)己(ji)能(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)社會上(shang)(shang)(shang)快速成長。再就(jiu)是時(shi)常(chang)要保持一(yi)顆學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、思(si)考的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心。作(zuo)為一(yi)位大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生，最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是自(zi)己(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習和思(si)考的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。

　　這次(ci)實習讓我(wo)了(le)結(jie)了(le)目(mu)前(qian)行(xing)業(ye)的基本情況，兩(liang)個星期(qi)的實習，有帶隊輔導(dao)老(lao)師(shi)(shi)李老(lao)師(shi)(shi)和趙老(lao)師(shi)(shi)，工廠師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)的講(jiang)解讓我(wo)收益不(bu)小，非(fei)常感謝他(ta)們。這次(ci)實習把我(wo)從學(xue)校(xiao)純理論學(xue)習中拉到(dao)了(le)實踐中學(xue)習的環境，讓我(wo)更加認識到(dao)本專業(ye)的就業(ye)前(qian)景。

　　經(jing)歷著兩周實習，讓我(wo)真(zhen)正的(de)了解到自己以(yi)后工作的(de)技術與環(huan)境，我(wo)深深的(de)被包鋼(gang)熱(re)電廠工作人員的(de)熱(re)情所感(gan)染，雖然工作環(huan)境非常不(bu)好，而工人師傅們洋溢的(de)笑臉給人溫馨的(de)感(gan)覺，讓我(wo)們感(gan)受一個企業的(de)文化和氣息。生產(chan)實習為(wei)我(wo)們明年進入工作崗位打下(xia)基礎，也(ye)讓我(wo)更能確定未來的(de)就業觀(guan)及工作取向。

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