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職場英(ying)語(yu)：30歲時(shi)你(ni)該知(zhi)道的10個工作建議(yi)
During your first years in the workforce, you can expect to have a huge learning curve – not just about the details of your job, but about broader issues of how to manage your career and operate successfully in an office. How do you deal with difficult co-workers? Figure out if you're paid fairly? Understand what HR's convoluted memos mean?
當(dang)你還(huan)是職(zhi)場小白時，一定(ding)有許多需要(yao)學習之處(chu)。你不(bu)僅要(yao)學習本職(zhi)工作(zuo)的(de)點滴細節，還(huan)要(yao)把目(mu)光放寬(kuan)放廣，比如(ru)學會(hui)如(ru)何(he)管理(li)職(zhi)業生(sheng)涯并勝任工作(zuo)，如(ru)何(he)與不(bu)合(he)(he)群(qun)的(de)同(tong)事(shi)相(xiang)處(chu)，打(da)聽工資是否合(he)(he)理(li)，讀懂(dong)人力資源上司晦澀難懂(dong)的(de)暗示。
You'll keep mastering work skills throughout your career, but here are 10 key things that you should make sure you know about work by the time you're 30.
你將在職業生涯(ya)中不斷掌(zhang)握工作技能，但(dan)請確(que)保你在30歲(sui)時(shi)領會了(le)以下10條寶貴的工作建議。
How to talk to people much more senior than you.It's pretty common to be intimidated by company higher-ups or industry experts when you're just starting out in your career. But if you let yourself stay intimidated, it will keep you from forming relationships and gaining visibility with decision-makers, and that can hold you back professionally. Don't be shy about chatting with higher-ups or sharing your ideas when appropriate. The more you act like a colleague (which you are), the more you'll be seen that way.
如何與(yu)上(shang)級交談(tan)(tan)。初入職場時，被公司(si)上(shang)級或行業專家的(de)(de)氣場所震(zhen)懾是(shi)再(zai)正常不(bu)過的(de)(de)事(shi)。但如果你(ni)(ni)(ni)只是(shi)任憑自己被震(zhen)懾而(er)(er)不(bu)敢向前，那么你(ni)(ni)(ni)將(jiang)失去(qu)和決策(ce)者們建立人(ren)際關系、并在(zai)他們面前刷(shua)存在(zai)感的(de)(de)機會，而(er)(er)這無(wu)疑會阻礙的(de)(de)你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)事(shi)業發展。大膽(dan)一些(xie)，在(zai)合(he)適的(de)(de)情況下不(bu)要害怕與(yu)上(shang)級交談(tan)(tan)或分(fen)享(xiang)你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)想法。你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)舉止越是(shi)像同(tong)事(shi)(其實你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)確(que)是(shi))，上(shang)級就越能(neng)同(tong)樣看待你(ni)(ni)(ni)。
How to respond to critical feedback. Being able to listen to feedback about your work with an open mind is enormously important, because feedback is one of the most direct ways to get better at what you do. If you respond defensively or shut down, you'll prevent yourself from hearing important information, lose points with your boss and maybe even make it less likely that you'll hear information that could help you in the future. Instead, listen with an open mind and respond with something like, "This is really useful to hear," or "I appreciate you sharing this with me." If you can't stomach those, try, "I want to take some time to think about this, but I appreciate you telling me."
如何回(hui)應批判性反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)。懷著(zhu)虛心的(de)(de)態(tai)度聆聽(ting)別(bie)人對你的(de)(de)工作反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)十分重要，因為(wei)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)是(shi)讓(rang)你在(zai)(zai)工作中不(bu)斷進步的(de)(de)最直接途徑之(zhi)一。如果你消極回(hui)應或直接拒(ju)絕回(hui)應，你將丟(diu)失重要信(xin)息，在(zai)(zai)上司那里失分，甚至也更不(bu)可能(neng)獲得今后對你大有裨益(yi)的(de)(de)信(xin)息。所以(yi)反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)，你需(xu)要帶(dai)著(zhu)虛心的(de)(de)態(tai)度聆聽(ting)，以(yi)類似“聽(ting)君(jun)一席話，勝(sheng)讀(du)十年書”或“很感謝(xie)你的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)”這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)言辭(ci)作為(wei)回(hui)應。如果一時(shi)接受不(bu)了這(zhe)些反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)，試著(zhu)告訴(su)對方“給我(wo)一點時(shi)間思考這(zhe)個問題，還是(shi)很感謝(xie)你的(de)(de)'反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)。”
How to negotiate salary when you get a job offer. People sometimes worry that they have to lay out an air-tight case when asking for more money, but it doesn't always have to be a long speech with evidence about your worth. More often than not, you can simply say "I was hoping you could go up to X amount. Is that possible?" or "Do you have any flexibility on the salary? I was hoping for X."
得到工(gong)作機會時(shi)如(ru)何協商薪資(zi)(zi)。許多時(shi)候人們總(zong)是(shi)擔心在要(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)薪時(shi)得策劃(hua)一(yi)份縝密(mi)的(de)(de)方案，但你(ni)(ni)真沒(mei)必要(yao)對自己(ji)的(de)(de)價(jia)值大擺事實(shi)發表(biao)長篇(pian)大論。通常情況下，你(ni)(ni)只需要(yao)說(shuo)“我(wo)希望您能把我(wo)的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)漲到X，這樣可以(yi)嗎?”或是(shi)“工(gong)資(zi)(zi)還有協商的(de)(de)余地(di)嗎?我(wo)的(de)(de)理(li)想工(gong)資(zi)(zi)是(shi)X。”
How to figure out the market rate for your work. This can include asking other people in your field for their opinion, checking with professional organizations in your industry, looking at similar positions on online job boards to see if salary ranges are listed and talking to recruiters in your field – always making sure that you're factoring in your geographic area, which can have a big impact on the numbers.
如何弄清自己工作薪資的市場行情。具體方式包括：詢問其他從事該領域工作人員的意見，咨詢行業內專業組織，在網上求職平臺查找類似職位的薪資區間，和該領域招聘人員交談。你要確保以自(zi)身(shen)所處地理位置為前提，這會(hui)對該職(zhi)位薪資的市場行情有重要影響。
How to run a meeting. If you lose control of your meetings, let conversation spiral in any direction and don't start or finish on time, people will quickly begin dreading attending any meetings you're running. Instead, always have an agenda, be clear about what outcomes you're aiming for, be willing to redirect the conversation when needed, take your starting and ending times seriously and make sure everyone is clear on next steps before you wrap up. People will be far less likely to "miss seeing" your meeting invites when you do this.
如(ru)何主(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)(chi)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)。如(ru)果(guo)你(ni)無法掌控自(zi)己(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，放(fang)任談話內容(rong)朝四面八方飛散，召開(kai)和(he)結束會(hui)議(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)時間都不(bu)準時，那么你(ni)的(de)(de)同事很(hen)快就(jiu)不(bu)再會(hui)出(chu)席(xi)任何你(ni)主(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)了。相反，你(ni)需要(yao)(yao)備有議(yi)(yi)程表(biao)，清楚會(hui)議(yi)(yi)應該取得的(de)(de)成果(guo)，在需要(yao)(yao)時主(zhu)(zhu)動把話題引(yin)回正(zheng)軌(gui)，按時召開(kai)并結束會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，確保(bao)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)滿結束之前每個參與者都清楚下一步行動。如(ru)果(guo)你(ni)能做到這(zhe)些，同事們就(jiu)不(bu)大可能在你(ni)的(de)(de)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)上“缺(que)席(xi)”了。
How to have a difficult conversation. Whether it's asking your co-worker to turn down their music, telling your boss you're quitting or letting an employee go, you're going to have tough conversations over the course of your career. Your life will be much better if you get comfortable with being straightforward. That doesn't mean rude, of course; you can be direct and kind at the same time, but you do need to assert yourself and get comfortable with difficult topics. Speaking of direct ...
如何(he)應對(dui)尷(gan)尬(ga)的談話。不論是(shi)(shi)讓同事把(ba)音樂(le)聲關小，告訴老(lao)板(ban)要辭職還是(shi)(shi)讓員工走(zou)人(ren)，這些(xie)(xie)都是(shi)(shi)你在職業生(sheng)涯中會經(jing)歷的尷(gan)尬(ga)場(chang)面(mian)。如果你可以坦然(ran)直(zhi)(zhi)言，那你的生(sheng)活會輕松許多。當然(ran)直(zhi)(zhi)言并不意味著粗魯，因為你可以在直(zhi)(zhi)接表達(da)自身想法的時候，也(ye)表現自己善良(liang)真誠的一面(mian)。但是(shi)(shi)你要堅持自己的立場(chang)，面(mian)對(dui)這些(xie)(xie)尷(gan)尬(ga)的話題(ti)也(ye)能(neng)泰然(ran)自若。直(zhi)(zhi)言……
How to stand up for yourself politely and professionally. There may be times when your employer does something that you need to push back on – for example, offering you a promotion with significantly more responsibility but no raise, expecting you to work unreasonable hours for months on end or violating a labor law. In these cases, it's key to know how to professionally advocate for yourself. Usually that means being assertive but not aggressive, calmly explaining the issue and being direct about what you need. For example: "I'm happy to pitch in when needed, but this schedule has me working seven days a week for the next month with only two days off. I'm not able to do that because of commitments outside of work, so let's talk about how else we can structure this."
如(ru)何禮(li)貌而又(you)專(zhuan)業(ye)地(di)維護(hu)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)。有時候(hou)(hou)面(mian)對老板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)些(xie)作為，你(ni)(ni)需要加(jia)(jia)以(yi)推(tui)辭(ci)，例(li)如(ru)，給你(ni)(ni)升(sheng)職，但是(shi)只增加(jia)(jia)了(le)(le)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作職責，卻(que)沒有加(jia)(jia)薪(xin)，希望你(ni)(ni)數月連續(xu)加(jia)(jia)班或(huo)違反勞動合同(tong)法等(deng)。在(zai)這(zhe)些(xie)情況(kuang)下(xia)，最關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)要知道如(ru)何有理有據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護(hu)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)。通常情況(kuang)下(xia)，這(zhe)意味(wei)著你(ni)(ni)必須(xu)義正(zheng)言(yan)辭(ci)地(di)維護(hu)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權益，但又(you)不(bu)能帶(dai)有攻擊性，你(ni)(ni)要冷(leng)靜(jing)地(di)給出自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋并坦言(yan)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。例(li)如(ru)，你(ni)(ni)可(ke)以(yi)這(zhe)么說：“當公司確實需要我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)我(wo)愿(yuan)意赴湯蹈火，但下(xia)個月每周工作七天，月休兩天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合理安排(pai)，實在(zai)讓我(wo)沒法接受，因為這(zhe)超出了(le)(le)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作責任范(fan)圍，所以(yi)讓我(wo)們(men)談(tan)談(tan)如(ru)何更(geng)改一(yi)下(xia)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日程安排(pai)吧。”
What you're good at and what you're not so good at. Early in your career, it's pretty normal not to have a well-refined sense of where you shine and where you don't. But if you've been working for most of your 20s, by the end of them you should have fairly nuanced information about what you're better at than others, what you're much better at than others, what you want to work on improving in and what you should probably avoid altogether.
明確(que)(que)你工作中的強項和(he)弱項。在(zai)你職(zhi)業生涯(ya)的初期，你可能無法準確(que)(que)判斷自己的閃光點以及弱勢，這都很正常(chang)。但是如(ru)果你已經(jing)工作到快奔三的年齡，那就應該清(qing)楚地(di)知道自己在(zai)哪(na)(na)些方面比較(jiao)擅長，哪(na)(na)些方面尤其(qi)具備優勢，哪(na)(na)方面還需提升，以及哪(na)(na)方面則完(wan)全需要敬而(er)遠之。
What to do when you make a mistake. At some point, you're going to make a mistake at work because you're human. When you do, how you handle it will often matter more than the mistake itself. The key is to take responsibility for what happened; don't make excuses or be defensive. Let your boss know what happened and – this is crucial – how you plan to ensure it doesn't happen again. If you do that, you'll have proactively addressed what your manager probably cares about most and he or she is less likely to impress the seriousness of the mistake on you.
如(ru)何處(chu)理自(zi)己所(suo)(suo)犯(fan)的(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)。人非(fei)圣賢，孰能無過，所(suo)(suo)以有時(shi)在(zai)工(gong)作中，你(ni)也(ye)難免會犯(fan)錯(cuo)。當(dang)(dang)你(ni)犯(fan)錯(cuo)后，重(zhong)要的(de)(de)是(shi)如(ru)何解決(jue)問(wen)題而非(fei)糾結于錯(cuo)誤(wu)本身;你(ni)要為自(zi)己所(suo)(suo)犯(fan)的(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)承擔責任，而不(bu)是(shi)找(zhao)借口為自(zi)己辯護。你(ni)要跟老板(ban)坦白(bai)自(zi)己的(de)(de)過錯(cuo)，這點也(ye)很關鍵;此外，你(ni)還(huan)需(xu)要跟老板(ban)保證下不(bu)為例(li)。以上都(dou)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)你(ni)犯(fan)錯(cuo)后，老板(ban)最(zui)在(zai)意(yi)的(de)(de)方面(mian)，如(ru)果這些你(ni)都(dou)能積極主動地做到(dao)，那么老板(ban)很可能就(jiu)不(bu)那么在(zai)意(yi)錯(cuo)誤(wu)本身的(de)(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)性(xing)。
Your reputation matters. Your reputation for doing great work and being easy to work with is what will give you more and more professional options over time. It's what will let you avoid bad jobs and bad bosses and what will give you a safety net when you need to leave a job quickly or find a new one across the country. That means that it's not worth doing things like leaving a job without notice or telling off your boss, and it's worth it to go above and beyond to build a reputation for excelling.
你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽(yu)(yu)很重要(yao)。假如你(ni)(ni)有(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽(yu)(yu)--能(neng)做大事(shi)(shi)，同你(ni)(ni)一(yi)(yi)起工作輕松(song)而(er)(er)又愉快(kuai)，那么在你(ni)(ni)往后的(de)(de)職業(ye)生涯中，會(hui)因此獲(huo)得越來越多的(de)(de)職業(ye)選擇。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)聲(sheng)譽(yu)(yu)會(hui)讓你(ni)(ni)避開糟糕的(de)(de)工作和老板，而(er)(er)且，在你(ni)(ni)馬(ma)上要(yao)離職或需要(yao)在國內找到一(yi)(yi)份新工作時(shi)，它還(huan)會(hui)成為你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)后盾。擁(yong)有(you)這(zhe)意(yi)味著，不(bu)要(yao)做些不(bu)值當的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)，例如離職時(shi)不(bu)告知(zhi)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)老板或不(bu)辭而(er)(er)別。追求(qiu)突破，努(nu)力樹立自己的(de)(de)良(liang)好聲(sheng)望才是最值得的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)。
Vocabulary
convoluted: 復雜的，費解的
higher-ups: 上(shang)級，上(shang)司，大人物
pitch in: 努力投入，做出貢獻
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